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ENGL 003 - Strategy-Based Reading III - Thayer

This is the class guide for Professor Thayer's York Campus Strategy-Based Reading III class

Why cite sources?

When you include someone else’s ideas in a paper you must document, or cite, the source of the ideas. Or if you have learned anything new and include it in your paper, you must give credit to whoever provided the new information. Remember that failure to cite properly can be considered plagiarism. See SGP 506 Academic Dishonesty Policy. 

Plagiarism can have serious consequences

How to Avoid Plagiarism (Part 1)

MLA Citation Examples

Select the examples below to view MLA citations for common types of resources. Then, select specific elements within the citations (indicated by different colored highlights) to see detailed explanations of the formatting for each element.

Garcia, Gabriela. Of Women and Salt. Flatiron Books, 2021.

White, Ismail K., and Chryl N. Laird. Steadfast Democrats: How Social Forces Shape Black Political Behavior. Princeton UP, 2020.

Hurley-Hanson, Amy E., et al. Autism in the Workplace: Creating Positive Employment and Career Outcomes for Generation A. Palgrave Macmillan, 2020.

Rendon, Laura I., and Vijay Kanagala, editors. The Latino Student’s Guide to STEM Careers. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2017.

Blue Cloud, Peter. "Rattle." When the Light of the World Was Subdued, Our Songs Came Through: A Norton Anthology of Native Nations Poetry, edited by Joy Harjo, vol. 9, no. 1, W. W. Norton, 2020, p.33.

Johnson, Earl. Finding Comfort During Hard Times: A Guide to Healing After Disaster, Violence, and Other Community Trauma. Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, 2020. EBSCOhost, ezproxy.hacc.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=2398724&site=ehost-live&scope=site.

Suzuki, Yoko. "Enka Music." Music around the World: A Global Encyclopedia, edited by Andrew R. Martin and Matthew Mihalka, vol. 1, ABC-CLIO, 2020. pp. 252-254. Gale eBooks, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX7327400103/GVRL?u=harr60939&sid=bookmark-GVRL&xid=0d089d86.

Select the examples below to view MLA citations for common types of resources. Then, select specific elements within the citations (indicated by different colored highlights) to see detailed explanations of the formatting for each element.

Yakubu, Okhumode H. "Delivering Environmental Justice through Environmental Impact Assessment in the United States: The Challenge of Public Participation." Challenges, vol. 9, no. 1, 2018. MDPI, www.mdpi.com/267710. PDF download.

Medeiros, Michelle. "Introduction: Why Transatlantic Dialogues?" The Journal of the Midwest Modern Language Association, vol. 52, no. 1, spring 2019, pp. 5-10. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/45281943.

Yu, Qinggang, et al. "Racial Residential Segregation and Economic Disparity Jointly Exacerbate COVID-19 Fatality in Large American Cities." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, vol. 1494, no. 1, 2021, pp. 18-30. ProQuest, search.proquest.com.ezproxy.hacc.edu/scholarly-journals/racial-residential-segregation-economic-disparity/docview/2539985510/se-2?accountid=11302.

Warren, John E. "One Year After George Floyd: America and the Police." New Pittsburgh Courier, 2 June 2021, p. B3. ProQuest, search.proquest.com.ezproxy.hacc.edu/magazines/out-shadows-mental-health/docview/1675910741/se-2?accountid=11302.

"Out of the Shadows: Mental Health." The Economist, vol. 415, no. 8935, 25 Apr. 2015,  pp. 56-57. ProQuest, search.proquest.com.ezproxy.hacc.edu/magazines/out-shadows-mental-health/docview/1675910741/se-2?accountid=11302.

Select the examples below to view MLA citations for common types of resources. Then, select specific elements within the citations (indicated by different colored highlights) to see detailed explanations of the formatting for each element.

"Drinking Water." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 28 Oct. 2020, www.cdc.gov/healthywater/drinking/.

Imbler, Sabrina. “What If You Could Become Invisible to Mosquitos?” The New York Times , 17 Aug. 2021, www.nytimes.com/2021/08/17/science/crispr-mosquito-vision.html.

Morin, Brandi. "These Indigenous Children Died Far Away More Than a Century Ago. Here’s How They Finally Got Home." National Geographic, photographs by Daniella Zalcman, National Geographic Society, 6 Aug. 2021, www.nationalgeographic.com/history/article/these-indigenous-children-died-far-away-more-than-a-century-ago-heres-how-they-finally-got-home.

Select the examples below to view MLA citations for common types of resources. Then, select specific elements within the citations (indicated by different colored highlights) to see detailed explanations of the formatting for each element.

Photograph of Activist at Temporary Protected Status Rally. "What to Expect When You're Expecting Temporary Protected Status,"  by Cirien Saadeh, 4 Aug. 2021. Colorlines, www.colorlines.com/articles/what-expect-when-youre-expecting-temporary-protected-status.

Bettmann. Daniel Hale Williams. "Daniel Hale Williams Performed the First Successful Open Heart Surgery During an Emergency Procedure," by Jordan Zakarin, 25 Jan. 2021. Biography, www.biography.com/history-culture/daniel-hale-williams-first-open-heart-surgery-story.

Ross, Loretta J. “Don't Call People Out -- Call Them In.” YouTube , uploaded by TED, 4 Aug. 2021, youtu.be/xw_720iQDss.

National Park Service. “At National Parks, You Don't Pet Bison.” Instagram , 4 Aug. 2021, www.instagram.com/p/CSLJo_4D_oe/.

“Ending Child Marriage in Jordan: A Bride with a Doll.” Equality Now , 21 June 2021, www.equalitynow.org/a_bride_with_a_doll.

Luse, Brittany and Eric Eddings, hosts. “Trans Lives, Front and Center.” The Nod , Gimlet Media, 11 Aug. 2021, gimletmedia.com/shows/the-nod/6nhb9dw/trans-lives-front-and-center.

Select the examples below to view MLA citations for common types of resources. Then, select specific elements within the citations (indicated by different colored highlights) to see detailed explanations of the formatting for each element.

Chang, Joe. Interview. Conducted by Eva Smith, 2 Aug. 2023.

Chang, Joe. Personal communication with the author. 2 Aug. 2021.

Chang, Joe. Email message to the author. 2 Aug. 2021.

Chang, Joe. Text message to the author. 2 Aug. 2021.

MLA In-Text Citations

When writing your paper, you need to provide an in-text citation that tells the reader which of your sources the information came from. This citations shows up within the paper as either part of the introductory phrase of the sentence or in parentheses at the end of the sentence. 

"An in-text citation begins with the shortest piece of information that directs your reader to the entry in the Works Cited list. Thus it begins with whatever comes first in the entry"  (usually the author). A second 'location" component will also often be included, if available. Examples of second components are page numbers; line numbers; and time stamps (Modern Language Association 227-228).

In-text citations must be included for both direct quotations and paraphrases. 

Examples

According to Smith, the number of students relying on citation software has increased (234). 

The number of students relying on citation software has increased (Smith 234). 

This in-text citation points the reader to the Works Cited page to find the complete citation. 

How to Set Up Your Paper

  1. OPEN MICROSOFT WORD
    1. Click on the Start button (lower left-hand corner).
    2. Type word, then select the Word App.
    3. A screen asking what type of document you want to use will appear. Choose “blank document.”
  2. SET THE FONT
    1. From the Home tab, in the Font group, change the style to Times New Roman
    2. Change the size to 12, using the drop-down arrows.
  3. SET THE MARGINS
    1. From the Layout tab, in the Page Setup group, click Margins.
    2. For a paper in MLA Format, click Normal. This will create 1” margins on all sides.
  4. DOUBLE SPACING - Change line spacing
    1. Click on the Home tab. In the Paragraph group, click Line Spacing.
    2. Click 2.0, to select double-spacing. NOTE: To change the spacing of a paragraph or portion of the text, highlight the section that needs to be changed, open the paragraph group, and re-select the appropriate spacing.
  5. SETTING UP THE HEADER [Inserting your Last Name and Page Number]
    1. On the first page of the document, double click the header or footer area (on the top of the page).
    2. Under Header & Footer Tools, on the Insert tab click Page Number.
    3. Select, ‘Top of Page’ and “plain number 3” (right-hand side).
    4. When cursor is blinking, type your last name before the page number.
    5. Select the red Close Header box in the upper right.
    6. NOTE: To create a custom header or footer click the Different First Page check box and go to the next step.
  6. ENTER YOUR HEADING
    1. On the Home tab, in the Paragraph group, click Left Align
    2. Type in your heading information:
    • Your Name
    • Instructor’s Name
    • Course Title
    • Due Date (day month year)
  7. CENTER YOUR TITLE
    1. On the Home tab, in the Paragraph group, click Center Align
    2. Type your title. Press the Enter Key
    3. Select Left Align and continue with your document.
  8. WORKS CITED AND HANGING INDENTS
    1. At the end of your paper you must create a list of resources that you cited in your paper. This is called the Works Cited list on its own separate page. This list must be in alphabetical order and include hanging indents.
    2. On the Home tab, in the Paragraph group, click Center
    3. On the first line of the reference page, center the words “Works Cited” (no bold, formatting,
    4. italics, underlining, or quotation marks).
    5. Beginning with the next line, type your citations. If a citation is longer than one line just keep typing and allow it to automatically flow onto the next line.
    6. At the end of your citation use the enter key to go to the next line to start the next citation.
    7. Once you are finished with all your citations highlight all of them.
    8. On the Home tab, in the Paragraph group, click the small arrow in the bottom right corner.
    9. In the indentation section click the drop down box labeled “special” and select “hanging” then click okay.
    10. Make sure the citations are still highlighted. On the Home tab, in the Paragraph group, click the sort button and click okay. This will alphabetize your entries.
  1. LOG-IN TO YOUR GOOGLE ACCOUNT
    1. In the top right, click the menu button.
    2.  Select Google Drive from the list
    3. On the left-hand side, click New:
    4. Select Google Docs from the list
    5. Click Untitled Document in the top left to rename your document
  2. SET THE FONT: In the ribbon along the top of the page, change the style to Times New Roman and the size to 12, using the drop-down arrows.
  3. SET THE MARGINS
    1. Click File
    2. Select Page Set-Up
    3. Make sure the margins are all set to 1.
  4. DOUBLE SPACING - Change line spacing
    1. Find the line spacing icon in the ribbon.
    2. From the drop down menu, select double.
  5. SETTING UP A HEADER
    1. Select Insert along the top of the page.
    2. From the drop-down menu, select Page Number.
    3. Click on the first option with page numbers in the top right-hand corner.
    4. Your page number should appear on the top right-hand side of the page. If it is not on the right-hand side, you will need to change it. Click on Format, select Align, and change it to Right.
    5. With your cursor in front of the page number, click the enter button. This will drop your header down to the next line.
    6. In front of the page number, type your last name(s) and then click the space bar.
  6. HEADING
    1. On the first page of your paper, include a heading in the top left-hand corner.
    2. Your heading will include the following:
      Your Name(s)
      Instructor’s Name
      Course Title
      Due Date (day month year)
  7. WORKS CITED AND HANGING INDENTS
    1. At the end of your paper you must create a list of resources that you cited in your paper.
      This is called the Works Cited list on its own separate page. This list must be in
      alphabetical order and include hanging indents.
    2. To start a new page, look for Insert along the top of the page. From the drop-down menu,
      select Page Break from that list. This will put your cursor on a new page and you will be
      ready to begin your Works Cited page.
      1. Click on Format, select Align, and change the alignment to Center. At the top of the page,
        center the words: Works Cited (no bold, formatting, italics, underlining, or quotation
        marks).
      2. Beginning with the next line, type your citations. If a citation is longer than one line just
        keep typing and allow it to automatically flow onto the next line.
      3. At the end of your citation use the enter key to go to the next line to start the next citation.
      4. Once you are finished with all citations, highlight all of them.
      5. At the top of your document, there is a format option. Open the Format menu.
      6. In the format menu, select the option for align & indent. From this option, open the menu for indentation options.
      7. In the indentation options menu, make sure that left and right indents are set to 0. Then under special options, select Hanging to automatically format your highlighted citations with a hanging indent.
  8. SAVING: Google automatically saves your information. You will see the last time the information was saved along the top of the document.
  9. DOWNLOADING: You can download your document as a Word file. Click File, Download As, and then select your preferred Document type.
  10. PRINTING: Use the print icon within Google to print your document. If you try to use another print option in your web browser, it probably will not print correctly. Most likely, clicking the print option in Google will open a prompt asking if you want to open your document as an Adobe PDF. Select open and then you can print your document from within Adobe.

MLA Citation Website

MLA In-text citation flowchart - refer to outline after image 

Outline Summary - MLA In-Text Citations Flowchart
  1. Q: Are you paraphrasing or quoting from a source?
    1. If No, You do not need to provide a citation in parentheses.
    2. If Yes, Q: Does your source have page numbers?
      1. If No, You will not include any numbers in your in-text citation. Move to Q: “Are you able to Identify an author?”
      2. If Yes, Include the page number of the information you used in your in-text citation. Move to Q: “Are you able to Identify an author?”
  2. Q: Are you able to identify an author? 
    1. If No, Use a shortened version of the title, in quotations marks
    2. If Yes, Q: Are the authors identified by first and last names
      1. If No, Use the group, organization or department name
      2. If Yes, Q: “How many authors are there?”
        1. One: Use the last name only
        2. Two: Use both last names with the word and in between
        3. Three or more: Use the first author’s last name followed by et al.
  3. Q: Did you put any author names or page numbers in the sentence where you used the information?
    1. If Yes, You do not need to duplicate what you already wrote within parentheses.
    2. If No, Place the information in parentheses at the end of the sentence before the period.
Examples of two authors with page information: 
Smith and Jones noted 5% increase in the use of infographics in the last two years (45).
There was a 5% increase in the use of infographics in the last two years (Smith and Jones 45).