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ENGL 101 - English Composition I - Shultz

Evaluating Sources With the 5 Ws

Who

Who created the source? Can you identify an author or organization? Does the author have credentials or advanced degrees in the subject they're writing about? Can you Google their name to find out more about them?

What

What is the nature of the information being presented? What facts or support does the author give? Is the information supported with references, or can its accuracy be verified with additional sources?

When

When was the information created? Is it outdated or no longer relevant? Are you researching a topic where more current information is essential such as technology or medicine? 

Where

Where was the information published? Is it an academic source such a scholarly journal article or book, or is it a more popular source like a magazine or newspaper? What type of website is it found on (.com, .org, .edu, .gov)?

Why

Why was the information created, or what is the author's main purpose? Is it to inform, to persuade, to entertain, or something else? Are there any biases that come into play with the intended purpose?

Example: Evaluating Sources

Example source:

Evaluation based on the 5 Ws:

  • Who (author): john963
  • What (source type): Blog post with linked references
  • When (date): December 9, 2023
  • Where (published): University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign website (.edu)
  • Why (purpose): To explain the benefits of a plant-based diet

The article is published on a .edu website, indicating that it comes from a reputable higher education institution. The audience could be students, faculty, or anyone in the university community. There is an author name, but it is a username, john963. If you click on the username, it shows other articles written by john963, but no information about who john963 is or what his level of expertise is. Even though it's published on a .edu website, the article is a blog post, which can usually be written by anyone for any purpose. In this case, the obvious purpose is to explain the benefits of a plant-based diet -- but why the author wants to do this (e.g. to educate or to persuade) is not totally clear. The article links to several references, which indicates that the author is attempting to back up their claims with other sources. However, most of the linked references are .com websites or other blog posts, meaning that they may not be the most credible references.

Conclusion: We would likely not use this article in a research paper, because we don't know who the author is, the purpose is unclear, and the references are weak. 

In-Class Activity: Would you use these sources in a research paper?

Would you use these sources in a research paper?

Instructions

Students will be formed into small breakout groups, and each group will be assigned 1 source to evaluate.

  1. Choose 1 person from your group to act as "group speaker" who will share your answers to this activity with the class (either verbally or via Zoom chat).
  2. Work with your group to evaluate your assigned source using what you've learned about the 5 Ws (Who, What, When, Where, Why). Be prepared to explain whether or not you would use the source in a research paper, and why/why not. 

Would you user these sources in a research paper?